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<section id="dependencies">
<h1>Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="pg0001">
<span id="optional-runtime-dependencies"></span><span id="index-1"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h2>Optional runtime dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0001" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0001</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=104017#USE-Controlled_Optional_RDEPENDS">https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=104017#USE-Controlled_Optional_RDEPENDS</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Using USE flags to control optional runtime dependencies is not
acceptable except under very specific circumstances, such as a package
being nonfunctional unless at least one of a set of optional runtime
dependencies is installed.</p>
<p>There is no specific preference as to how user should be informed
of optional runtime dependencies. Three possible ways are
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optfeature</span></code> eclass, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readme.gentoo-r1</span></code> eclass and plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">elog</span></code>
messages.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: toggling USE flags in order to enable or disable optional
runtime dependencies causes needless rebuilds of packages in question.
This is especially important for packages that take long time to build.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0062.html">GLEP 62</a> proposes a solution permitting flipping USE flags without
rebuilding package in question. It has been tentatively approved
by the Council but no reference implementation has been written.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0002">
<span id="dependencies-with-no-revision"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h2>=-dependencies with no revision<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0002" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0002</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a non-wildcard <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">=</span></code> (equals) dependency is used on a package,
the requested revision must be specified explicitly. When the zeroth
revision is requested, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r0</span></code> must be used. When no specific revision
is necessary, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~</span></code> (tilde) operator must be used instead.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># BAD:</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD:</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r0</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r3</span>
<span class="o">~</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">=</span></code> operator in place of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~</span></code> to mean a specific
version has been a common mistake. This policy uses the fact that
no revision and explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r0</span></code> are equivalent. By explicitly
requesting the latter, it warns developers to reconsider whether they
used the correct operator.</p>
</section>
<section id="slot-and-subslot-dependencies">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>Slot and subslot dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#slot-and-subslot-dependencies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0011">
<span id="on-sub-slotted-packages"></span><h3>on (sub-)slotted packages<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0011" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0011</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage-dev/message/9cae3a92412a007febe7ac0612d50f5f">https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage-dev/message/9cae3a92412a007febe7ac0612d50f5f</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a package dependency specification matches a range of versions
that span different slots or subslots, the package must explicitly
include slot specification. If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> operator is not applicable
and any slot is acceptable, explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:*</span></code> operator must be used.
If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:<slot>=</span></code> operator is not applicable and only a specific slot
can be used, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:<slot></span></code> value must be explicitly specified.</p>
<p>Package dependency specification without explicit slot specifier can
be used on packages that are not slotted nor subslotted at the moment.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: this policy aims to help detecting missing slot operators
when dependencies start using slots or subslots. It uses the fact that
the explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:*</span></code> operator is equivalent to no slot specification,
and therefore can be used interchangeably. In this case, we assume
that the latter means ‘dependency not verified yet’, while the former
means ‘verified that any slot is acceptable’.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://paludis.exherbo.org/">Paludis</a> package manager applies different logic when no slot
is specified on the dependency. It pulls in the slot corresponding
to the newest package version available.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0012">
<span id="special-case-qt-packages"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h3>special case: Qt packages<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0012" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0012</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Qt project</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Qt/Policies#Dependencies">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Qt/Policies#Dependencies</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The Qt packages use subslots in an uncommon way. The public ABI of Qt
libraries is stable within each slot, and the subslot is used to refer
to private ABI. Therefore, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> operator must only be used
if your package uses one of the private API parts, and plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:5</span></code>
or likewise dependency must be used otherwise.</p>
</section>
<section id="proactive-use-of-slot-operators">
<h3>proactive use of slot operators<a class="headerlink" href="#proactive-use-of-slot-operators" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>There is an open debate on whether developers should be proactively
adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> slot operators on packages that do not define subslots
yet.</p>
<p>Proponents of the idea point out that adding slot operators to reverse
dependencies after the package becomes slotted is cumbersome and usually
results in losing the subslot rebuild opportunity at least once. They
argue that in many cases the future use of subslots is reasonably
predictable.</p>
<p>Opponents claim that the future use of subslots is not 100% predictable.
They point out the case of Qt packages as an example.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="pg0003">
<span id="revision-bumps-on-runtime-dependency-changes"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h2>Revision bumps on runtime dependency changes<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0003" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0003</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Council</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>It must not be assumed that changes to package’s dependencies will
be implicitly propagated to users who have installed the package
already. Whenever the change needs to be propagated (e.g. to prevent
a missing runtime dependency from being cleaned), the package revision
must be increased.</p>
<p>This does not apply to build-time dependencies.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: developers were historically relying on Portage’s behavior
called <em>dynamic dependencies</em> which caused Portage to implicitly use
dependencies specified in matching ebuilds for installed packages. This
is non-portable and unreliable. Users using different package managers,
disabling the feature or simply missing the timeframe during which
the old ebuild version existed had experienced dependency graph breakage
and other problems due to it.</p>
<p>The policy requires developers to explicitly account for that
possibility. Revision bumps ensure that users who installed the package
from the previous ebuild version rebuild it and get the updated
dependencies as a result.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The dynamic dependency usage problem has a flip side. You can’t rely
on in-place dependency changes <em>not</em> being propagated either. For
example, if you notice that a package linked to libfoo unnecessarily,
and decide to remove the dependency and code responsible for linking
to it in place, Portage may apply the former immediately even
if the package installed by the user still links to libfoo.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="use-dependencies">
<span id="index-6"></span><h2>USE dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#use-dependencies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0021">
<span id="on-packages-without-the-flag"></span><h3>on packages without the flag<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0021" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0021</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA (inferred from PMS)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a package uses a 2-style USE-dependency on another package,
all package versions matching the dependency must have the flag
in question. If the dependency matches at least one version missing
the flag, either 4-style USE-dependency (i.e. having <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(-)</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(+)</span></code>
indicator) must be used, or the restriction must be refined to match
only versions having the flag.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># BAD: USE=gtk2 is not supported by v2</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: all matching versions have USE=tools</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: indicate the default</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="c1"># BAD: USE=tools is no longer needed with v2</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libbar</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tools</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: indicate the default</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libbar</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tools</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: according to the PMS section on <a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/pms/7/pms.html#x1-790008.2.6.4">2-style and 4-style USE
dependencies</a>, it is an error to apply 2-style USE dependency to
a package missing the flag. Furthermore, checking for this makes it
possible to report whenever USE flags on a package are changed without
updating its reverse dependencies.</p>
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