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<section id="advanced-dependencies">
<h1>Advanced dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-dependencies" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><section id="requesting-use-flags-on-the-python-interpreter">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>Requesting USE flags on the Python interpreter<a class="headerlink" href="#requesting-use-flags-on-the-python-interpreter" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>While the majority of Python standard library modules are available
unconditionally, a few are controlled by USE flags. For example,
the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/sqlite3.html">sqlite3</a> module requires <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite</span></code> flag to be enabled
on the interpreter. If a package requires this module, it needs
to enforce the matching flag via a USE dependency.</p>
<p>In order to create a USE dependency on the Python interpreter, set
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHON_REQ_USE</span></code> before inheriting the eclass. This will cause
the eclass to generate appropriate dependency string in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHON_DEPS</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Copyright 1999-2020 Gentoo Authors</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">EAPI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">7</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PYTHON_COMPAT</span><span class="o">=(</span><span class="w"> </span>python3_6<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PYTHON_REQ_USE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"sqlite"</span>
</span><span class="w"> </span>inherit<span class="w"> </span>python-r1<span class="w"> </span>gnome2-utils<span class="w"> </span>meson<span class="w"> </span>xdg-utils
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DESCRIPTION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Modern music player for GNOME"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOMEPAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Lollypop"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SRC_URI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://adishatz.org/</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PN</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">P</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.tar.xz"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">KEYWORDS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"~amd64"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LICENSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"GPL-3"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SLOT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"0"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">REQUIRED_USE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_REQUIRED_USE</span><span class="si">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_DEPS</span><span class="si">}</span>
<span class="s2"> ..."</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Full USE dependency syntax is permitted. For example, you can make
the dependency conditional to a flag on the package:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Copyright 1999-2020 Gentoo Authors</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">EAPI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">6</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PYTHON_COMPAT</span><span class="o">=(</span><span class="w"> </span>python3_6<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PYTHON_REQ_USE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"sqlite?"</span>
</span><span class="w"> </span>inherit<span class="w"> </span>distutils-r1
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DESCRIPTION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"A lightweight password-manager with multiple database backends"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOMEPAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://pwman3.github.io/pwman3/"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SRC_URI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/pwman3/pwman3/archive/v</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PV</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.tar.gz -> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">P</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.tar.gz"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LICENSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"GPL-3"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SLOT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"0"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">KEYWORDS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"~amd64"</span>
<span class="hll"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">IUSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mongodb mysql postgres +sqlite"</span>
</span></pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally, there are cases when the problem cannot be fully solved using
a single USE dependency. Additional Python interpreter dependencies
with specific USE flags can be constructed using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python_gen_impl_dep</span></code>
helper then. For example, the following ebuild requires Python with
SQLite support when running tests:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Copyright 1999-2020 Gentoo Authors</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">EAPI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">7</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PYTHON_COMPAT</span><span class="o">=(</span><span class="w"> </span>python<span class="o">{</span>2_7,3_<span class="o">{</span><span class="m">6</span>,7,8<span class="o">}}</span><span class="w"> </span>pypy3<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>inherit<span class="w"> </span>distutils-r1
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DESCRIPTION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Let your Python tests travel through time"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOMEPAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/spulec/freezegun"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SRC_URI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mirror://pypi/</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PN</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">1</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PN</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">P</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.tar.gz"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LICENSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Apache-2.0"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SLOT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"0"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">KEYWORDS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"~alpha ~amd64 ~arm ~arm64 ~hppa ~ia64 ~m68k ~mips ~ppc ~ppc64 ~s390 ~sh ~sparc ~x86 ~amd64-linux ~x86-linux ~ppc-macos ~x64-macos ~x86-macos"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> >dev-python/python-dateutil-2.0[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> dev-python/six[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> "</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="si">}</span>
<span class="s2"> dev-python/setuptools[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> test? (</span>
<span class="hll"><span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_impl_dep<span class="w"> </span>sqlite<span class="k">)</span>
</span><span class="s2"> dev-python/mock[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> dev-python/nose[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> )</span>
<span class="s2"> "</span>
<span class="w"> </span>distutils_enable_tests<span class="w"> </span>pytest
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="dependencies-conditional-to-python-version">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>Dependencies conditional to Python version<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies-conditional-to-python-version" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>When packaging software for multiple Python versions, it is quite likely
that you’ll find yourself needing some packages only with some
of the versions, and not with others. This is the case with backports
and other compatibility packages. It also happens if some
of the optional dependencies do not support the full set
of implementations your package supports.</p>
<p>A dependency that applies only to a subset of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHON_COMPAT</span></code> can
be created using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python_gen_cond_dep</span></code> function (the same as used
in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python-single-r1</span></code>). It takes a dependency string template,
followed by zero or more implementation arguments. The dependencies
are output for every matching implementation.</p>
<p>The dependency template should contain literal (usually escaped through
use of single quotes) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${PYTHON_USEDEP}</span></code> that will be substituted
with partial USE dependency by the eclass function (when using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python-single-r1</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${PYTHON_SINGLE_USEDEP}</span></code> is also permitted).</p>
<p>The implementation arguments can be:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Literal implementation names. For example, if a particular feature
is only available on a subset of Python implementations supported
by the package:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> cli? (</span>
<span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_cond_dep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="s1"> dev-python/black[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> dev-python/click[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="w"> </span>python3_<span class="o">{</span><span class="m">8</span>..10<span class="o">}</span><span class="k">)</span>
<span class="s2"> )</span>
<span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatch(3)</span></code>-style wildcard against implementation names.
For example, CFFI is part of PyPy’s stdlib, so the explicit package
needs to be only installed for CPython:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_cond_dep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="s1"> dev-python/cffi[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'python*'</span><span class="k">)</span>
<span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Remember that the patterns need to be escaped to prevent filename
expansion from happening.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Python standard library versions that are expanded into appropriate
implementations by the eclass. For example, this makes it convenient
to depend on backports:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_cond_dep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="s1"> dev-python/backports-zoneinfo[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>.8<span class="k">)</span>
<span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The advantage of this form is that the dependencies automatically
adjust as we switch PyPy3 to a newer stdlib version.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>An important feature of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python_gen_cond_dep</span></code> is that it handles
removal of old implementations gracefully. When one of the listed
implementations is no longer supported, it silently ignores it. This
makes it possible to remove old implementations without having to update
all dependency strings immediately.</p>
<p>For example, in the following example the dependency became empty when
Python 3.7 was removed:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_cond_dep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="s1"> dev-python/importlib_metadata[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="w"> </span>python3_7<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="dependencies-on-cffi-and-greenlet">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>Dependencies on CFFI and greenlet<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies-on-cffi-and-greenlet" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The PyPy distribution includes special versions of the <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/cffi/">cffi</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/greenlet/">greenlet</a> packages. For this reason, packages using CFFI
and/or greenlet and supporting PyPy3 need to make the explicit
dependencies conditional to CPython:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">RDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>python_gen_cond_dep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
<span class="s1"> >=dev-python/cffi-1.1.0:=[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]</span>
<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'python*'</span><span class="k">)</span>
<span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="optional-test-suite-dependencies-on-rust-packages">
<span id="index-4"></span><h2>Optional test suite dependencies on Rust packages<a class="headerlink" href="#optional-test-suite-dependencies-on-rust-packages" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>When the test suite of a high-profile Python package starts depending
on Python-Rust packages, it may not be feasible to mask the package
on all architectures that are not supported by Rust. In this case,
it is preferable to skip the tests that require the particular
dependencies.</p>
<p>If upstream does not handle missing dependencies gracefully and refuses
to merge a patch to do so, it is possible to conditionally deselect
tests from the ebuild based on whether the particular dependencies are
installed:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>python_test<span class="o">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">local</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">EPYTEST_DESELECT</span><span class="o">=()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span>!<span class="w"> </span>has_version<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"dev-python/trustme[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">EPYTEST_DESELECT</span><span class="o">+=(</span>
<span class="w"> </span>tests/test_requests.py::TestRequests::test_https_warnings
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="w"> </span>epytest
<span class="o">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that if the modules are imported in outer scope, ignoring the whole
test file may be necessary. If a file contains both tests requiring
the dependency and other useful tests, sometimes it is possible
to convince upstream to move imports into specific test functions,
in order to make it possible to deselect specific tests.</p>
<p>If the tests requiring these packages are not very important, it is
acceptable to skip the dependency and assume they would be run
if the package was installed independently. However, if they are
significant (e.g. tests for TLS support), the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test-rust</span></code> flag
can be used to pull them in, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">IUSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"test test-rust"</span>
<span class="nv">RESTRICT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"!test? ( test )"</span>
<span class="nv">BDEPEND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="s2"> test? (</span>
<span class="s2"> test-rust? (</span>
<span class="s2"> dev-python/trustme[</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_USEDEP</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">]</span>
<span class="s2"> )</span>
<span class="s2"> )</span>
<span class="s2">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This flag is masked on profiles for architectures that do not provide
a Rust toolchain, and forced on all the remaining profiles. This
ensures that the respective tests are run whenever it is possible
to run them.</p>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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